sexta-feira, 7 de maio de 2021

Estudo como Hábito

 

Book, Old, Clouds, Tree, Birds, Bank
"Para fazer um projeto de pesquisa ou uma monografia não basta o domínio de técnicas. É preciso que você esteja familiarizado com o assunto que escolheu para abordar. E estar familiarizado com o assunto significa estudo, muito estudo". (GONÇALVES. Iniciação à Pesquisa Científica. 4a. edição. Campinas, SP: Alínea, 2007, p. 75)

Neste sentido, "o hábito é uma disposição adquirida por atos reiterados". (GONÇALVES, 2007, p. 76)

Deste modo, devemos tornar a leitura um prazer, não uma obrigação. Reestruturar o hábito e tornar a leitura um hábito. Assim, o hábito é uma criação. Isto não significa adaptar-se à situação, mas, sim, dominar a situação. (2007, p. 75 e 76)

A autora traz, assim, duas características finais sobre o tema:

"Lembre-se que uma vez formado, o hábito se desenvolve por seu próprio exercício. Pode dar um pouco de trabalho no começo. Mas uma vez instalado, o hábito de estudar só trará ganhos para você!" (2007, p. 78)

"O hábito também traz uma certa economia: reduz ao mínimo o dispêndio de esforço exigido pela ação!" (2007, p. 78)

Para nós, resta claro que, à medida que lemos, os próximos livros se tornam mais fáceis, justamente pelo hábito.

Para tanto, é preciso criar um clima de estudo. O local deve ser limpo, arejado e claro. O silêncio, igualmente, é importante.

Além disso, de tempos em tempos, é preciso realizar uma pequena pausa. Então, retomar o estudo e seguir em frente.

Finalmente, é necessário ler, reler e tomar notas. Somente o exercício constante da leitura, reiterado mesmo, que leva à fixação do conteúdo.

Para isso, pode-se, inclusive, praticar em voz alta, como se estivesse apresentando o trabalho para alguém.

Referência

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

GONÇALVES. Iniciação à Pesquisa Científica. 4a. edição. Campinas, SP: Alínea, 2007.

Para ler melhor

 Para ler melhor

"Os maiores obstáculos do estudo e da aprendizagem, em ciência e em filosofia, estão diretamente relacionados com a correspondente dificuldade que o estudante encontra na exata compreensão dos textos teóricos. Habituados à abordagem de textos literários, os estudantes, ao se defrontarem com textos científicos ou filosóficos, encontram dificuldades logo julgadas insuperáveis e que reforçam uma atitude de desânimo e de desencanto, geralmente acompanhada de um juízo de valor depreciativo em relação ao pensamento teórico" (SEVERINO, 2016, p. 53)

Para ler bem um texto, é preciso fazê-lo com prazer, com paixão.

Neste sentido, podemos refletir sobre a paixão:

"Navegar é preciso."

"As paixões são como ventanias que sopram as velas dos navios, fazendo-os navegar, outras vezes podem fazê-los naufragar, mas se não fossem elas, não haveria viagens, nem aventuras, nem novas descobertas." - Voltaire.

Deste modo, devemos pôr paixão nas leituras, para navegarmos rumo ao conhecimento, viajando e nos aventurando em busca de novas descobertas.

"Todo texto é portador de uma mensagem concebida e codificada por um autor, e destinada a um leitor, que, para apreendê-la, precisa decodificá-la" (SEVERINO, 2016, p. 54)

Adiante, algumas diretrizes metodológicas para realizar a leitura (SEVERINO, 2016)

1) Delimitação da unidade de leitura;

2) Análise textual;

3) Análise temática;

4) Análise interpretativa;

5) Problematização;

6) Síntese;

7) Conclusão.

Visto isso, para ser um bom leitor, "não é sinônimo de ler muito. O gosto pela leitura deve ser compreendido como uma forma de entender a própria vida".

O livro pode ser uma passagem para um novo entendimento possível das coisas do mundo (GONSALVES, 2007, p. 80)

Nesta direção, a autora elenca 10 pontos para uma melhor leitura:

1) Leia com objetivo determinado;

2) Leia com unidades de pensamento;

3) Tenha vários padrões de velocidade;

4) Avalie o que lê;

5) Adquira um bom vocabulário;

6) Desenvolva a habilidade de conhecer o valor do livro;

7) Saiba quando interromper a leitura;

8) Discuta o que lê com os colegas;

9) Adquira livros;

10) Leia sobre vários assuntos

(GONSALVES, 2007)

Referências
 


SEVERINO, Antônio Joaquim. Metodologia do Trabalho Científico. 24a. edição. São Paulo: Cortez, 2016.

 

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pMTD9Qzncdu84HqhgZflA5BCECwEBAQI52PkZJ6LHVZUWAgMwGYCAgIEgIEgMwEKkCQMvA5BAQhAogICBH5HyP2mbdJWOqiaRwJeIRknTsDv3EZ7JiNSsvWdG0ThfS0yQTgqSN+3BwSI3wdlbETC+kpgkHOATt4DMb4Ts7eiC6Tb2sE9nj8o3wdlb0T0unv7WN/HfbP+eUb6r2V/RzzbyICBICBIUgIEMDLQNiAgWEIFgIEfkfI/aZt0lY6qJRx+jpjGhcbdndyk219Gu0t6tGkp5qO3s7+cuISLTHmgor8I7ewdvOTbHob7eqdQnwL9BG2PRd9vVepTloX6CNsehvt6tiaYIAwJAQECQEKhgYflA5BAsIQECwECEbESTzhYUQEqEBAQEBAQJAQEBAkCQqGBl4HIsCwhAQLAxVqBQSTymL3isZlqtZtOIcK31M4Ornv/gnlHE6cxnL0nQvHLDfpdPGesUDvJwJvttPruhOxvnGJRLuk3Kop/wDkIjW056WgnR1K9ay5xPV5hPjIGZQhCAgSAgICBIVIEgZblA5BAohCAgWB5d3X1OaY5rjbfcz5PG6s21Ozh3aOntpvl5XFaqLqproWs2nLDdhTBGfEk9ndmct5rWJjHN2cPW9sWn3Xj3NappbQmtdwDuSO0ZHMns2nPTbNucu+IrExnqyl4SKbIBhF/mCoxXSM42GOe2P+TN7cTz/+pNMzMesvbsuO7hdJUH5/PBO099LjLaf7OLW4DMZ6uTiVxXIypLqeWgAkfLI+83fiNS3nyY0NPRjrGJ/V5dDjdRWOrUmCAdYZD4bFd/rPONTWpOYl124XTvXk9ivfPVpnqrgK2AQVAzie/e7zX3ubhpw9aX9unJ5lxxWvR0qKpfK6tTbYG2x5d8xHE6sR1ddOF0dTPs4ejY8bqOu+jJGzDv8AKbj+oanSYc2rwOnScxnDyK/GLtKjdZUIRNWohCANsjGOfIzM8Tq28+bqrwvDzX2YbtulFQscNqXbBYbHsOP8MvedanOZS39O05jph6rcYqlSaYViBnSNj+s14haemHLHBacTi+YedT6VuToIwwBLAqQVx37Rbi9aIzye/hun1h2l6SOcYXbB1HH6iTxDU84hjw2seboVek1ytRkKoAEFQFsDUp+HvxL3zVmu6Jj+HrHAaE+ruWHH6rKS/V+G+8xH9Q1Kzz5sa39P04n2cvNvuOVQwY1SykYwhVQpx3HnmZ7fV1Z64dGnwmlWuNv8vuxPuPziwhAQEDxOL3S0NVRyFXfm2NZnyeLiY1OUf+vo8NSdWuPyHi2V0tdVuqa5GtkYsu7KNtQ33Gw57/ScOrWaT7Xk7Ynl2ef2dgVqVMZ1bDAZf9OfHPOeNcRKzW9/J0rpBVqrWoK5q00ICrpVXQ4JXDc571tn2I8/s3Wuyv8A+k8nj2NYCqwqUzQcs5FN86sauwcgPLMa1J28ucfo64vvryfV2FwoUmqxC92dRbwAG8mhav8Aznk+br6dpn2I5undhrlf5PWUwD2hkJQMdguDvjv75rlu5PXTnsud+bg4FxDB6sLg0zpZHTQ307ezlM4tp23erfEaddSMva4tYJWpltOhyAupXKYAOf8AMg8513iJiL7Y/wCnBw+tbTttzy/Z8va1uqZl9/B5uNzz328jOS8Z5vszTtK5y9zqPSqdSkWCdYNvZ1Lq7+ee7fwmtD2r+j5157CYtjOHiVaFO2rinVU0y7HT7S6Xb+ljjPl+kurTU5xPk7acR2mnmsw+j4dRTBfUdI7wPpMaOlWcz6ODiL2ztxzeNxlw9U06dKq2ke8lJ2pjt3bHLbym+znrHR08PfZEbp5y8McQq0quhl0jSGTXTA6xMe/uMeOOyb7CtqbodVbVvmszze3bulwNDoMsRgrk4IxuAOR2nL7VLYh43rOn7VZeVV4TUt2KOwfBGirsuQeQ09nd8p06mpEzy5fo3oakXq9m2o7BXphhg8zkzmr72WNS3nEvuRP1D8yohCAgIHU4pZLWplWHjyB+88dfSjUrh0cPrTpWy+X4V0fIV1NaogFR3IUIRqJzuzE57Ntp8iNPtpndHOP2fT1eJjTmNsR93aSyC5DVO3fVhdXjznLOjierU6825xDFPhQLCohA3zkZ/wCJa6d56NW4vFdtnbvOG6kwy1HOG9oHJBI5DPKe86F454lz6fEe1ymIh0+G9HalNAhGR/USSR4nOfnN9z1dSczGHtqcfp+Uvet7XQuBTOfPt8yZ1U4XZX3ef5+r5upq77ZmXTvOHvVIJpAAc8+0x3H7Txvw2rac4w6NLiKacY3f6ZXhRznBOkhguWC5HgTj6yV4TUjp+fytuKiYx9/Nm64Sj0yBSYPuVODnVjv7pJ4advKs5XT4u9dTM25Ovwzh1en76BiuDqUld5514a+73Xtr8Tpakcpc19RaqRrpBSuGQtlvaByOz9ZdSt5tmYxP1eejaunHKcw8apwustUEU2YuCTUAK6QAMDx7e7lPLsrTGIif4d1eJ05rzmHdoAqV16scsZO/mJjs5pMbol5XmLRO3Dl43ZLWQKKZOd8AY7Nj5+M9bRiYmkPHhtTZM75dHh3CK1MKVplmHaSNyO2TstS85isunU4nRnlNuT0K9lVq4Wqj6Rz0FBq7ccuU9O762farLlrraWnGaWjP1YPBayuz0vZ1HOHOrHy2xNxwepM52/eGo43SmuLy+oE+0+KCBYQgICB1K1iGbION8kZO84tXhIvbMT+7oprzWMSPw9G97J+cvctOepHE3r0dmlRVAAqhQOwCdNKVpGKxh5Wva05tLc2wQEAYEgWAgQwEDi6lc5wNskeZmJpEzmW984w5MTTJKJAyYGxAQLCEBAQEApyAe/eSJzGVlZUICAgICAgICBICAhUgSBCIGhACBYQgICAgSnyHkPtM16QtusuqxbG1UEktkk4AB5YmOeOr3jbnnVqlUYH2nXBzt29wIliZzzZtWuPZiXZVgeRzN5eUxMdVlQgICAgICAgSBIVIEMDUCwEIQKICAgZp8l8h9pmvuw1brJoHwj6CXBukKDuH0jCZlVA7AB5QTMysqLAQJAQEBAQJAQrMCGBqBRAQhAogICBmn7q+Q+0zX3Yat1lqaZWAgICAgIEgICAgSAgSFZMDQgWBYQgICAgZp+6vkPtM192GrdZbmmSAgICAgICAgSAgDAkCQrJgaBgUQLCEBAQEDNP3V8h9pmvuw1brLc0yQEBAQEBAQEBAkAYEhUgQwLiBRAsIQEBAogZp+6PIfaZr7sNW6y1NMkBAQEBAQEBAQJAQECQrJgWBoQhAw9ZRkahkf6cjV9JYrMmXFaXGpFL4Rjsyk4w2cYGZq9cWmI6JE8ubszCkDNP3R5D7TNfdhq3WWppkgICAgICAgICAgIEMCGFZMDRgUQDMACSQABkk7ADvhHSuivWIVRXqBwrHbKJjOSezsx5z0pnExM8kn9lpLqrMXpYamB1bH2l05OSvYDy8YmcU5T16nm7s81IGafur5D7TNfdhq3WWppkgIFgSAgWAgIEgICBIEMKhgaMICB0uNW5q29WiMjr0ekW3GlSpySQNu75w1HV8/Ra7Kip1LLVenTZwyBtNVbOoAd+R63Rv3E9mZprk9Clc3WfaJ0jrCP5a6nORoBOMAEZwcecYTEPR4Q9U0z12dQqOBkAHRn2c47cbfKZlJd6GWKfJfIfaZr7sNW6y3NMkBAQEBAQEBAYgICBIEIhWTApgUQgRnY7g7HygQU1+EfT5RmQ6tfhH0EZkaCgcgB27d8CwIJFWVCBYCAgIDEBiAgICAgSBIGWhVgWEIFgICAMCQNSBAsCQECwECwECQEBAkCGBhoV//9k= 


GONÇALVES. Iniciação à Pesquisa Científica. 4a. edição. Campinas, SP: Alínea, 2007.